Healthcare leaders are preparing for the shift away from volume-based reimbursement by experimenting with different structures for population health. Organizations must learn how to collaborate with new partners, including erstwhile competitors. Population health management also requires internal bridge building; executive and physician leaders must work together to create networks. Primary care physicians could be in short supply, while specialists are likely to see their payment, work mode, and degree of control turned upside down. Good data and analysis of the patient population is absolutely necessary, but not sufficient. The most important determinants of success or failure will be so-called soft factors: trust, culture, and leadership.